History of metal shelters

During World War I, when the front lines were changing extremely quickly, military engineers realized that it was necessary to create mobile, cheap and easy-to-assemble structures for the temporary accommodation of soldiers and equipment. It was at this time that Canadian engineer Peter Norman Nissen developed the concept of lightweight prefabricated structures made of corrugated steel, which became an integral part of military campaigns in the 20th century.

In 1916, Nissen patented his design, and since then these lightweight but reliable structures have been used in both world wars. During World War I, more than 100,000 of these "huts" were manufactured. They were used not only to house soldiers, but also as warehouses, post offices, hospitals, and as shelters for civilians during bombing raids. The manufacture of such structures was quick and cheap, which made them ideal for the needs of the front.

These structures proved to be especially effective during World War II. The British built about 2.1 million "Anderson Shelters" - shelters made of corrugated metal to protect the population from bombing. Due to their simple design and availability of materials, these structures became a symbol of civil defense in wartime. The shelters were used not only to shelter people, but also for warehouses and even as temporary hospitals.

Similar structures were also actively used in Ukraine and other countries of the USSR, in particular the KVS-A and KVS-U models. Although they had their drawbacks, including a noisy ventilation system and problems with tightness, these structures were important for creating a civil defense system in difficult times. Problems with the convenience and effectiveness of the structures led to the fact that over time they were improved, but at that time they were an important stage in the development of underground shelters.

Mobile shelters were not limited to military use. They became popular in peacetime as well. In the United States, for example, such structures began to be used for protection against tornadoes, and in many states these shelters have become a standard in private construction.

From the moment the "Nissen huts" first appeared to the present day, these mobile structures have become not only a part of the history of military engineering, but also an important part of civil defense, saving lives even today.

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